Impact-tool.



C. B. RIGHARDS.

IMPACT TOOL. APPLICATION FILED 1320,20, laos.

L z i El SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Jan. 26, 1909.

C. B. RICHARDS.

IMPACT TOOL. APPLICATION FILED DEO.20,1906.

Patented Jan. 26, 1909.

a sums-snm 2.

C. B. RICHARDS.

IMPACT TGOL. APPLICATION NLM 132020.15106 Patented Jan. 26, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT owiion.

UHARLES B. RICHARDS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNH TO THE GLEVBLAND INICUMTIC TOOL COMPANY, 'OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OlllO.

IMPACT-TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 20, 1906.

Patented Jan. 26, 1909.

Serial No. 348,709.

To all whom yit may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES B. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Impact-Tools, of which the following is a speeiiieation, the principle ol' the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated ap plying that principle, so as to distinguish it rom other inventions.

The annexed drawings and the following 'description set forth in detail, one median-- tion of the too on the line Kw-G in Fig, VII,

and showing the parts in their posit-ions near the end of the forward or downn ard stroke oi' the ilunger; Fig. III, an axial section on the line G in Fig. VII, and sho ing the pai-1 s in their positions at the extremo of the for-- ward or downward stroke of the plunger;

Fig. IV, an axial section on the line )-G in Fig. VII, and shov. ing the arts in their positions at the beginning of t 1e rearward or up- Ward stroke of the plunger; Fig. V, an axial section on the line D--G in Fi, VII, and showing the paris in their positions near thu` rearnard or upward stroke of the plunger;

Fig. VI, a diaffrainmatio axial seotional view of Vthe valve-boek and valve,V and Fig. VII, a rear or inner end view ol the barrel,

M present invention relates to di1'eel-a(-t ing {hud-pressure engines such as usuallyl en1- ployed to impart the iinpaot of their reciproratlng piston to the shank of a working tool,

` to the upper or rear und of the barrel.

such as a chisel, (walking-tool, rivet-set or other similar tool, and the illustrated oms bodirnent of the invention will here be `roferred to as a hammer; but it is evident` that the reciprocating manifestation of energy created 1n the tool from fluid under pressure may be otherwise applied and trans ated hy suitable' attachment to the reciprocating;

iston.

The illustrated hammer has a tubular harr l l rel, l, the interior axial 'bore of which towns the workingpflinfler within whirh a piston, 2, ieniprouates. The lower or forward und oi the barrel has a tool-socket, 3, .in wh'urh the shank of the working-tool, 1, iits. rThis tool is here illustrated as a rivet-sot for u setting: and shaping the heads of rirels. i k iughandlv. 5, has its split socket, l, sri-oued u pon the u pper or roar und of the barrel uur clamped by means ol a bolt, T. An inlet soolrot, S, it provided for the uttnrhnionl o1" a hose or other ilexilile conuurition to ,ilu source ofinotive ll'uid under pressure, n rom-- pressed air being! the usual motive fluid and the torni "live-air" boing,r hero geur-.rally usr-d in referring to sur-h iluid. The bottoni of the haudlwsorliet is forinodwith an annular inlr- Chamber, il, noinniunioating with the inletsoeifuzt h v a channel, lll, oonirolhul ln a 'manuallyoperated throttle miro, 1i. sl.

valifwuasinfg, is cuainped lbttneun the upper or roar ond of the barre-l and the bottoni of the handlo-sooliet, and consists of au annular button or disk, l2, `having an annulainoso nhioh lits into the upper or roar und ol' `the working-@viiildor, a cylindrical valreslilmwh, 13, and a roar button or disk, l-l. An annu-- lar oxhan1st-ohaniher, l5, is formed around the valve-easing between the oirruulhnenoe of the latter and the sidosof tho suchet, and

ythe` latter has exhausbports, lo, communicating with the surroundiiu;y aiiwisphore. The barrel of the hammer has a longitudinal distributing ohannel, I7, in its woll, .vhiril channel extends from un enlargiunent, l, in the lower or forward end of ,the wol-ring ovlindor at the upper or rear end ol' the toolv shank, to the upper or roar oud oi' tho barrel. A sri-nailed kicker-channel" and port. ali-l, extends longitudinally through the nali ol the hai-rol from a ioint about the :ni-:idle of the uw'wiring-cylinder of the saine und :l dis-- tance slightly in excess of the length oi rho piston i'roiu the upper und of' the toolsliank, An uxhaustepont audchunnel, 20, opent i'rmu the worhingwylinder near the up er or roar oui ol' tho suino and longitudinal j through ythe v. all oi the barrel to the upper or roar eno oi' tho saine.

Y Onlv one bore for enel). ohannel and oui-t is illustrated in the drawings, althougi in actual practice, for the purpose oi" iaioreasiug the capacity of suoli channels and ports.,

'ber 9 in the handle-socket more than one bore may be and usually is employed.

The valve-block is formed with an axial bore or valve-chamber which has a large-` 'ameter piston-chamber, 2l, at its u per or rear end, which is closed by the rear uttcm or disk 14. A channel, 22, extends through the Ylower button or disk, the side or wall of the valve-block and into the upper or rear button or disk, where it connects with a radial passage, 23, in said button or disk, which o ens into the upper or rear end ofthe pistonc amber. A ermanent exhaustpassage, 24, also exten s radiallg from the upper or rear end of said'pistonamber and connects with the annular exhaust-chamber surrounding the valve-casi!) A- ermanent exhaustport, 25, extends rom a out the middle of the side of the piston-chamber 21, out to the exhaust-chamber. Another permanent exhaust-port, 26, extends from the lower or forward end of this piston-chamber, out to the annular exhaust-chamber. An annular rib, 27, is formed at the lower or forward end of the piston-chamber, separating said chamer from an annular exhaust-groove, 28, which is connected to the exhaust-channel and ort 2() in the barrel by means of an angular exhaustassage, 29, through the side of the valve-b ook and through the lower or forward button or disk 12. KAn annular rib, 3U, of greater internal diameter than the rib 27, separates this latter annular exhaustgroovc from an annular exhaust-groove, 31, immediatel below or forward of the former groove, an( said latter exhaust-groove communicates with the annular exhaust-chamber by means of a radial exhaust port, 32, through the wall of the valve-block. An annular distributing groove, 33, is formed below or forward of the lower exhaust-groove, and is separated from said groove by an annular rib 34, of the same internal diameter as the rib 30. i Said distributing groove 33 communicates b means of a passage, 35, through the wal of the valve-block and through the lower or forward button 12, with the distributing cl'iannel 17 in the barrel. An annular live-air groove, 36, is formed below or forward of said distributing groove and is separated from the saine by an annular rib, 37, of the same internal diameter as the two preceding ribs, and said live-air groove communicates with the annular inlet-chamby means of a passage, 38, in the wall of the valve-block and through the upper or rear button 14. An

annular rib, 39, 1s formed at the forward end i of this inlet-groove, and is of the same internal diameter as the three preceding ribs but of greater internal diameter than the internal diameter of the o ening in the lower or forward button or dis The valve-block has thus an axial valve-chamber consisting of the piston-chamber 21 of larger diameter `1ng from its rear aor forward valve-body.

and the lower or forward chamber of smaller diameter and formed by the four annular ribs and the annular grooves or ports formed between said ribs.

Two telesco ing valve-bodies, 40 and 4l, have play wit inthe entire valve-chamber. The lower or forward valve-body is of a diameter which fits Within the smaller diameter valve-chamber and has a reduced middle ortion, 42, which forms a narrow lower or Forward piston, 43, and an upper wide piston, 44. The narrow lower piston has play over the inlet-groove or port so as to close the same 0H" from communication with the upper or rear end of the interior of the working-cylinder, when the valve-body is in its lower o: forward position and connect the inlet-port with the distributing port and passage leading to the lower or forward end of the working-cylinder, and to close off said latter port and passage when the valve-body is in its raised or rear position and to opening for the inlet-port into the u per or -rear end of the working-c Tlinder. 'Ilhe uper and wide piston 44 oi the lower Valveliody has milled openings, 45, in its upper edge, so that communication between the upper or rear exhaustorts and passages fromthe working-cylin er to the exhaustort 32 may be established when the valveody is in its lower or forward position, while such communication is cut ofi when the valve-body is in its raised or rearward osition. The lower or forward valve-body is formed with a cylindrical recess, 46, extendend and closed at the forward end, and said recess has small exhaustports, 47, through the wide piston of the valve-body. The upper or rear valve-body 41 has a piston, 48, w iich slides in the lar ediamcter piston-chamber 21, and a bor yportion, 49, which fits and slides within the annular rib 27 so as to close the lower or forward end of said piston-chamber. A reduced neck, 50, pro eets from the lower or forward end of said ody-portion, and has a piston, 51, which has a snug but sliding fit within the cylindrical recess 46 `of the lower One or more auxiliary exhaust and relief ports, 52, are formed in the barrel from the interior of the workingcylinder out tothe atmosphere, at a distance from the lower or forward end of the barrel so as to be uncovered by the plunger when the latter is on its u ward or rearward stroke, but to be covere b the plunger when the latter arrives at the ower or forward end of its stroke and to remain so covered when the plunger reaches the shank of the workingtool and to be thereupon uncovered when the -tool downward or plunger forces the workin orward as it delivers its b ow u on the shank Flig. ,III of the of said tool, as .illustrated in rawings.

.In describing the-operation of the hammer,

uncover the we will assume that the live-air inlet is i suitably coluieoted to u, source ol' uir or other i lluid under pressure, that the throttle-vulve is opened lo udlnit air into the hummer, and i that the several parts ol' sind hununer ure in i the positions illustrated in Fig. I olI the drawings. L'nder these conditions the air passes freni the inlet and through the live-au' passa-ge 3S and live-air port in the velvechaxuber to the upper or rear end of the working-eylinder, through the open lower or forward end ol' the vulvedrhumher, so as to y force the plunger downward or forward to deliver its ectuatinfr blow upon the toolshank. The air heow or in front of the advancing plunger is exhausted through the auxilio@ exhaust-port 52 and through the distributing port and channel 17-I '5, to the distributing portV 33 in the valvewhainher, which port is connected to the exhaust-port 31--32iu said chamber by the reduced portion 42 ol' the lower vulve-bedr. It will thus be `seen that exhaust telar-s place from the lower portion of the working-cylinder during the entire downward or actuating. stroke oll the phuiger. The exhaust-port 52 aids in rapidly exhausting air in front ol' the advancing plunger, but is not absolutely essential in this capacity to the working ol' the hammer when the distributing port and channel from the lower end of the workingmylinder has a sufficient capite-ity. While the above movement ol the plunger is taking pince, the two valve-bodies are in their uppermost positionsg-the lower valve-body being held upward by the pressure ol' live-air against its lower piston-area., and the upper valve-bodg.' being held in its raised position by the air within the recess in the lower valve-body acting against the lower faee of the pist-on within the seme. When the plunger arrives at the lower portion ol its down-stroke and strikes the shank of the tool, as illustrated in Fig. Il, the plunger uncovers the kickerport 19 and its passage, so as to allow liveair to pass upward through said port and passage to the upper end o the large-diameter piston-chamber of the valve-chamber, and to cause said nir to uct against the largediameter piston of the upper valve-body and force the same downward, as shown in Fig. II. The small exhaust-ports in the side of the pistou-chamber admit ol this movement being unobstructed. The downward moveF ment 0l' the upper valve-body compresses the :tir within the recess in the lower velvebody. The downward movement of the per valve-body causes the lower piston l) Suid hody to uncover the small ports 7 in the lower vulve-body so as to permit the pressure in front ol' said lower valvebody to be reduced by its being able to exhaust through the. rear exhaust-port and passage 2li- 29, through the milled openings 45 and past the neuk 5U und through ports 47 to the exhaust. As the plunger strikes Il, Shank ol the worl in; {'1ool und moves the lutter dmwiwurd in ils soiliel, as .shown in Fig. lll, the exhaust or relief port 5'. in the loi-wurd portion ol the wmking-cylinder is' uncovered by the plunger, so than the pressure in front of or below the lower vulvehody will he very niuch rednred. This will admit ol' the lower valve-body being: moved downvvau'd h the. expansion ol' the uir within its recess, so that the inlet oll live-nir in to the upper end of the w(rkilig-i-yliuder is eut olll und the livedtir port is phd-ed iu eommunieatiou with the dstrihuling port which oonvevs oir to the lower end ol the worldng- L cylinder, shown in Fig. lll. The ai." in the piston-chamber ol' the vulve-block, above or behind the piston ol" the upper vulve-body, in the n'ieanuhile expands against the large urea. of the piston and again coinpresses the air within the recess ol' the lower Valve-body by the small uren of the lower iistou, so as to occupy theposition illustrated in Fig. lV. The reanexlmust-port and )lissage from the working-ovlinder has now een connected to the exhaust in the velvechainher, so that the nir above or behind the )lunger which is now l'orrcd upward h v the ire-air passing domi through the long distributing lissage, may freely exhaust. The epunslon ol' the air in the reoess ol the lower vulvefbody forces the upper` valvebodglv upward into its raised position, ns shown in Fig. V, and the returning plunger outs oil the rear exhaust when it arrives towards the end of its tip-stroke, as shown in said ligure, thus trapping the remaining air between it and the lower lace of the lower valvebody and compressing the same, so as to fome the lower vulve-'omitr upwardinto the position shown in Fig. l, whereupon the above described operation will again be repented. The small exhaustor relief ports 47 in the recess ol the lower valvebody will serve to prevent excess acounndution of compressed air within the recess or the lormntion of e. more or less vneuum with in suc-l1 recess, both oi' which conditions would interfere with the free telesoopir action of the two valve-bodies. The. exhaust-ports 25 and 26 in the piston-chamber of the valvehlock ermit of the large piston of the. upper vulveody moving freely within the pistonchamber, and the Ypermanent exhaust 24 in the upper end of this piston-chamber provides means for exhausting air mhntti-ul ahovo or behind the piston in Suid e-hsunber, so as to allow said piston to he moved upward or rearward.

Great spoed und iositive motion of the valve-mechanism um consequently. of the plunger is obtained in this hammer by constructing the vulve-nwchimism with two vulve-bodies fitted lxurrother so us to form un air-cushion between them, so thnt when positive pressure against one or the otlierof the pressoir-areas of thc two bodies is released` j, the expansion of the air-cushion will more 5 such purl to cause the entire two-part viili'estructure to oec-opy the required position. The lower or orward valve-body is the distributing valve, proper, and the upper or rear valve-body simply acts to compress the aircusliion orinoving the distributing valvebodv downward or forward. The iston at the lower end of the upper or rear va ve-hody also performs a valvular function as shown in Fig. Il, hv establishing a relief below or in front oi -tlie lower valve-body lo permitof the saine being moved.downii'ard or forward by the expansion of the compressed air-cushion in its recess. The completion of this relief to permit the lower valve-body to be shifted downward is accomplished h v the uncovering of the port 52 when the descending plunger pushes the working-tool outward and thus uncovers said port.

As the valve-mechanism comprises two distinct and separately operatie(1r valve-hod ies, I do not desire to claim ava ve actuated in one direction by air compressed by the rcturning plunger and in the opposite direction hy air under normal pressure admit-ted to the valve and controlled by the plunger. I also do not desire to claim an auxiliary permanently-o en exhaust port at the front end of the cylinder which is uncovered by the rear or upper end of the plunger when the latter rea-ches the shank of thc working tool, but only such port when uncovered by the plunger after the latter has moved the tool-shank outward.

Other modes of ap lying the principle of my invention may e employed for the mode herein explained. Change may therefore be made as regards the mechanism thus disclosed, provided the principles of eon struction set forth respectively in the followinU claims are employed.

Il therefore particularly point out and distinctlv claim as my invention'.-

1. ln a {luid-pressure engine, a distributing valve having one pressure-arca exposed to and acting afrainst an inclosed permanent air-eushion and an opposed pressurearea, and ports and assages for admitting and exhausting mot1vo-uid to and from said latter pressure-area, whereby the valve is moved in one direction by motivciuid to compress the air-cushion and in the opposite direct-ion hy the expansion of such air-cushion when the motive-Huid pressure against the. opposite pressure-area is released.

2. In a Huid-pressurel engine) a distribut ing valve-mechanism comprising a. valvebody formed with a cylindrical recess closed at one end and with an opposed pressurearea and a valve-body formed with a piston fitted to slide and cushion Within the. recess and with an opposed pressure-area, and

iorts and passages for admitting and exmus-ting motive-Huid lo :ind from the pressure-urea of the valve-bodies.

Ii. ln ai {luid-pressure engine, n distributing;r valve-nierliiiiiisin composed ol' two valvehodies haring an interposed arcushion bctween thein :ind opposed pressio'e-areiis. und iorts and passages for admitting and exiausting iiiotive-hiid to and froui the pressure-areas of the valve-bodies.

4. ln u iluid-pressure engine, the combinaliou with a worliiiig-cylinder and n plunfer reeiproeahle uiihiii the saine, of a distrihin'- ing vuIve-mechanism comprising two valvehodies havingr an interposed air-cushion be.- tweeii theni and opposed )Tessere-areas, and ports and passages controlled by the reci rocating plunger and conveying motive-i uid to and from said pressure-areas.

In a fluid pressure engine, the combination with a working-cylinder and a plunger reci )roca-ble therein, of a distributing valve.- inec ianisxn composed of two bodies havin i an interposed air-cusliion between them an one valve-body having a pressure-area. exposed to intermittently applied nornial motive-fluid pressure and the other valve-body having a pressure-area exposed to air cornpressed between it and the, moving plunger.

6. In a luid pressure eneine, the combination nitli a working-cylinder and a plunger reci firocable therein, of a distributing valvemec ianism composed of two valve-bodies having an interposed air-cushion between them and having pressure-areas opposed to said air-cushion, and passages controlled b the plunger to relieve tho pressure upon suc area and to thus allow the expansion of the air-cushion to move. a valve-bodv.

7. In a fluid-pressure envine, the combination with a working-cylinder and a plunger reciplrocable therein, of a distributing valvemec anism comprising two valve-bodies having telesco ing and cushioning fit in one another an one valve-body having a pressure-area exposed to normal molive-iluid pressure and the other valve-body havinfr a pressure-mea, exposed to air compressed etween it and the moving plunger.

S. In a {luid-pressure engine, thceombination with a working-cylinder and ports and passages for the distribution of motiveliuid, and a plunger reciprooahlc wit-hin the cylinder, of a distributing valve-mechanism comprising; valve-bodies having telescoping and cushioning fit in one another and having puissuie-areas op osed to their cushioned arcas and exposer to thc action of motivefiuid through the. ports and passages.

9. In n. fluid-pressure engine, the combination with a work ing-c 'liniler and a plunger rcciprocalilc therein imi u workingdool luwing,r its shank fitted in the end 0i' said cylinilor,-the c lindci heilig formed with a relief port at a i istiineo from such ond to ho uncovered by the plunger when the latter strikes and moves outward the tool-shank, of s; valve-Ohamber opening into the opposite end of the Working-cylinder and formed with an inlet-port et suoli o en end, and si. valve in seid ehiirnber movalhle over said inlet-port t and having :in air-eushion tending` to foi-ee it across said port against the iulet-pressuro- 10. ln n. Huid-pressure engine, the combi nation ol' :i workingylinder, a plunger reeipF roizthle in such eylinder, n. piston-Laliztniber above or to the reiir ol the cylinder and loi'niod with :t permanent exhstust-i )ort and wii l1 :i port und Missatge oponin in t ie workingsi'yhnilisr to ie uncovered oy the upper end oi lihiv` plunger :it the downward stroke of thi sinne, it viilvelehainber below said pistoucV-hsinber :md of less diameter than the hitter :ind opening direutly into the upper end of this .ii'orliingd-,ylinder and formed with un inlet-port in its lower end, a. distributing,r port eoniinuniirating with the lower end ol the` cylinder, am exhaust-port communicating with the atmosphere and si` ori'J communi?" eating with the Working-cylinder near the u )per end of the saine, a vulve-body havingv play in the valve-chamber and formed with pistons controlling the ports in the saine and with it cylindrical recess closed at its forward end, and a valve-body formed with a piston havin@f play within the recess and with :t largo-cl iztineter piston havingplay Within the pision-charubor.

1l. ln :t lhlidY )ressure engine, the eoinbination nl' it worliing-cylindelhftviug ports :md passages i7, 1Q und 2U, '.1 plunger reciproritlili: therein, t valve-raising formed with live-airport 230, distributing port 33,exhaustport :il :ind port 28 and with a piston-Chanir her L i.. it valve-body 4l) formed with recess 46 sind (,'ontrollinff pistons 43 and 44 and with notches 4.5 sur: relief-ports 47, and it` valveboily 41 Vformed `with a iston 48, reduced neck 5()` und piston .51 slilling within the recess of the distributing valve-body.

12. ln :L lluidqnessure engine, :t distributingB vali e-ineehanisln for controlling the :idinission :md exhaust of motive-huid toiind l'roni the opposite ends of the working-cylin der :ind Consisting of two valve-bodies. one of whiih bodies Controls the distribution :ind is moved in one direi-.tion by air romprvssed by the plunger :mil the other ol' which bodies is moved in the opposite direction by noriimh )ressure motive-fluid, und meh ol' vhii'h liodies mtuutes the other through nu initie posed air-Cushion by compression and subA 'sequent expansion of the hitter.

13, In :t {luid-pressure engine, a. 'lisrributing vilveqneehainisin for iiontrolliiigr thi :ulniission und exhaust of motive-Huid to :and from opposite ends of the workingwjdinduifind consisting of t vulve-body having :i linge-v pressure-urea connected to be oxiliosiiil to nomnil-pressure motive-fluid iidnuliwl by the plunger and an op osed snmll pressureLV ares, und s valve-body `.wing it rlosid ivivss in which the small pressure-sres` ol ihr for mei' body has play and im opposed ncssnriuren exposed to plunger-eompresseill nir and of less area tlfan the normahpressure-nrmi. ol' the former holly.

14. in u fluid-pressure engine, a dislribut ing,r Viilvesirieiflmnism for Controllingr tlw :1drnission und exhaust of motive-Huid lo und from the opposite ends of the worliingi-rrhhilor und comprising two vnlve-l odiiis having longitudiiuilly-sliding oushionud play iu llwir relittion to one another und hiivinp nwiuis l'or admitting plui1geir-r; nti'olled motivvdluii! lo their opposed pressure-areas and lor :ihm-w mately relieving sueh pressure ugninst suih :treats Vln testimony that I claim the foregoing, to be my invention l have hereunto set my hand this 7th duy of December A. 1). 1906.

CHARLES B. RICHARDS.

Witnesses:

H. S. CovEY, WM. SECHER. 

